![]() ![]() Ravana and his two brothers Kumbhakarna and Vibhishana performed penances on Mt Gokarna for 11,000 years and won boons from Brahma. They completed their education from their father, with Ravana being a great scholar of the Vedas. Ravana and his siblings were born to the couple. ![]() Kaikesi searched among the sages and finally chose Vishrava, the father of Kubera. He rejected the kings of the world, as they were less powerful than he. Sumali wished Kaikeshi to marry the most powerful being in the mortal world, so as to produce an exceptional heir. His maternal grandfather was Sumali (or Sumalaya) the king of the Rakshasas and the son of Sukesha. Ravana's grandfather on his father's side, the sage Pulastya, was one of the ten Prajapatis or mind-born sons of Brahma and one of the Saptarishi (Seven Great Sages Rishi) in the first Manvantara (age of Manu). But according to Hela historical sources and folklore, Ravana was born in Lanka, where he later became king. People of Bisrakh village in Uttar Pradesh claim that Bisrakh was named after Vishrava, and that Ravana was born there. Ravana was born to the great sage Vishrava, and his wife, the Rakshasa princess Kaikesi in the Treta Yuga. He is said to have possessed the nectar of immortality, which was stored inside his belly, thanks to a celestial boon by Brahma. Ravana possessed a thorough knowledge of Siddha and political science. Ravana is also depicted as the author of the Ravana Samhita, a book on Hindu astrology, and the Arka Prakasham, a book on Siddha medicine and treatment. He is described as a devout follower of Shiva, a great scholar, a capable ruler and a maestro of the Veena (pronounced veh-nah a chordophone instrument). Ravana is depicted and described as having ten heads, although sometimes he is shown with only nine heads, as he cut one off to convince Shiva. ![]() Ravana has many other popular names, such as Dasis Ravana, Dasis Sakvithi Maha Ravana, Dashaanan, Ravula, Lankapati, Lankeshwar, Lankeshwaran, Ravanasura, Ravanaeshwaran, and Eela Vendhar. Further, roravana is Sanskrit for "loud roaring." In Abhinava Gupta's Krama Shaiva scripture, yāsām rāvanam is used as an expression to mean people who are truly aware in terms of the materialism of their environment. ![]() Rāvana was a title taken on later by Dashānana, and it means "the one with ten(dasha) faces(anana)". Both Ravana and Vaiśravaṇa, who is popularly known as Kubera, are considered to be patronymics derived as "sons of Vishrava". The word Rāvaṇa ( Sanskrit: रावण) means " roaring" (active), the opposite of Vaiśravaṇa, meaning " hear distinctly" (passive). Statue of Ravana at Koneswaram Hindu Temple, Sri Lanka In some scriptures, he is depicted as one of Vishnu's cursed doorkeepers. He also appears in the Buddhist Mahayana text Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra, in Buddhist Ramayanas and Jatakas, as well as in Jain Ramayanas. Images of Ravana are seen associated with Shiva at some temples. Ravana is also considered to be the most revered devotee of Shiva. He was well-versed in the six shastras and the four Vedas. Ravana is widely portrayed to be an evil character, though he also has many qualities that make him a learned scholar. Ravana was subsequently slain and Rama rescued his beloved wife Sita. Later, Rama, with the support of vanara King Sugriva and his army of vanaras, launched an invasion against Ravana in Lanka. He abducted Prince Rama's wife Sita and took her to his kingdom of Lanka, where he held her in the Ashok Vatika. In the Ramayana, Ravana is described to be the eldest son of sage Vishrava and rakshasi Kaikesi. Ravana ( / ˈ r ɑː v ə n ə/ Sanskrit: रावण, IAST: Rāvaṇa, pronounced ) is a rakshasa (a demonic creature in Hindu mythology) king of the island of Lanka, and the chief antagonist of the Hindu epic Ramayana and its adaptations. ![]()
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